Collateral Example Essay example - 1523 Words

Saving innocent people and exposing the ‘bad guys’ is what heroes do. Bradley Manning did just that when he leaked United States government cables and videos to WikiLeaks. His intent was to expose the killing of innocent civilians as part of the Iraqi war and to inform citizens so that they could take action. He is now imprisoned and facing twenty-two felony counts, all of which incriminate him as a traitor to the U.S. and that could result in him serving fifty-two years behind bars. Manning believed that the U.S. government was committing war crimes and that the world should know about the communiques including video footage that provided evidence of such actions. He does not stand alone. He has many supporters who believe that†¦show more content†¦Manning was identified as the individual who leaked the horrifying ‘Collateral Murder’ video, widely distributed and viewed on the Internet, in which several innocent Iraqis as well as two Reuters journa lists are gunned down by a U.S. Apache helicopter. The trove of information leaked also contained The Iraq War Logs and Afghan War Diary (Lucas). The Iraqi War Logs and the Afghan War Diary are a compilation of documents about the cover up of information pertaining to civilians tortured and killed by international forces (Karhula). The documents released include both classified and unclassified documents. The released information show evidence of clear war crimes and torture of which the U.S. had full knowledge (Madar 2). Manning’s actions were not rewarded as those of a patriot whistleblower but treated as those of a war time spy or criminal. The twenty-two charges, the most serious of which is ‘aiding the enemy’ who was identified by the prosecution in his case as Al Qaeda (Marshall), could result in life in prison. The Military Whistleblowers Protection Act outlines protection against reprisals as a result of disclosing evidence of improper or illegal activiti es on the part of the federal government (Whitaker 2). Consequently, persons disclosing the information should be protected. The law covers military employees that have a reasonable suspicion that â€Å"a violation of any law, rule or regulation† (Whitaker 5) has occurred. Essentially warShow MoreRelatedA Report On Drone Strikes2392 Words   |  10 Pagessince 2008. In a report, US officials claimed there were just 50 civilian deaths since 2001 to 2011. Former Director of the CIA, Leon Panetta, said, that airstrikes in Pakistan made a limited amount of collateral damage, he said it in 2009. CIA and US officials was busy in hiding the real collateral damages caused by drone strikes. The actual damage on property was all ways very high according to the eye witnesses and the local media reports. In case of publishing the real number of causalities,Read MoreSports Injuries : Athletes And Sports1940 Words   |  8 PagesAn athlete’s worst nightmare is seeing themselves or another athlete get injured while playing their desired sport or watching the sport from the sideline or on television. Injuries can hinder an athlete’s participation in practices or games. For example, there are sprained ankles, pulled hamstrings, broken backs, concussions, and injuries to the foot that can prevent an athlete from participating in athletic activity. While all injuries can greatly affect an athlete’s ability to participate in sportsRead MoreAre Sports A Bad Omens Within The Sports Sphere?1535 Words   |  7 Pagesworsen over time, which can lead to more problems. Sufferers of chronic injuries usually feel fine until their level of activity is increased. As chronic injuries relate to sport, can be very debilitating for an individual and sport performance. (Examples and D ifferences, 2013) Even what may be considered to smallest of injuries can take its toll on the human body. If you add age into the mix of it all one would think that younger individuals are less likely to suffer from chronic long-term injuriesRead MoreForeclosure : Causes And Effects879 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires collateral from the lender in case the lender defaults on payment. In short, the collateral is meant to secure the borrower’s repayment of the loan. If the borrower is unable to make due and diligent payment — or if the borrower does not make repayment at all — the lender can ask for the foreclosure of the property issued as collateral for the loan. In sum, foreclosure refers to the process where the lender tries to recover the unpaid balance of a loan by forcing the sale of the collateral. TheRead MoreThe Essentials Of The Requirements For Secured Transactions927 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumers (business and personal consumers). They are Secured Transactions, Debtor, Security Interests, Security Agreement, Collateral, and Financing Statement. A Secured Transactions is when the payment of debt is guaranteed by personal property such as a car, washing machine or even business equipment. The personal property used in the Secured Transaction is called Collateral and is the subject of the Security Agreement. The Security Agreement is a written agreement that creates and provides forRead MoreThe Argument On Cyberwar Is Still More Hype Than Hazard Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesgive example of the kind of damage a cyber-attack might cause using Russia’s Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric plant August 17, 2009 accident as part of the scenario. However, Rid says â€Å"If this is the most drastic incident Cyber Command can conjure up, perhaps it s time for everyone to take a deep breath.† (Rid, 2016, p.1) Furthermore, Rid argues â€Å"As the destructive potential of a cyberweapon grows, the likelihood that it could do far-reaching damage across many systems shrinks.† Collateral DamageRead MoreExample Of The Pps Act1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe PPS Act enables an interested person to require a secured party (such as FleetPlus) to provide information about its security interest. Examples of interested person† includes a person with another security interest in the secured property and any execution creditor with an interest in the secured property. Under the PPS Act (being the reference to section 275(1) in the Agreement), the information that an interested person can seek includes a copy of the security agreement, and the securedRead MoreHow Does The Affordable Care Act Affect Medical Expenses932 Words   |  4 Pagescomponents of a life care plan are likely to be covered, and once non-medical items are identified, the remaining medical expenses may be comparatively small. Prior to 2014, an injured accident victim would pay for all medical costs out-of-pocket. For example, if an unmarried individual with a life expectancy of 20 years requires $50,000 per year in medical expenses, total expected medical costs are $1 million. It is therefore reasonable to award him $1 million in medical damages if it is likely that heRead MoreMark Sexton and Todd Story1599 Words   |  7 Pageswhether the bond has a collateral. Secured bond is with collateral, whereby the issuer pledged specific assets in case of bankruptcy or unable to pay debt. A bond with collateral will have a lower coupon rate (interest/return) and lower the security’s risk but with higher credit ratings, which less likely it is to default. But the issuer need to ensure that the collateral is in good working order and cannot be sold until the bond is matured. Considering bond with collateral is secured investmentRead MoreThe Key Provisions Of The Code Relating To Mortgages And Credit742 Words   |  3 Pagessatisfied. Example 1: Section 130 of the PPS Act requires â€Å"[a]t least 10 business days before collateral is to be disposed of, the secured party gives notice to the grantor and to any secured party with a higher priority†. This is taken to have been complied with, if under s 102 of the NCC, â€Å"[w]ithin 14 days after taking possession of collateral under a mortgage, the secured party provides a notice to the debtor, and does not sell the goods within 21 days after providing the notice†. Example 2: Sections

Megans Law Protecting American Families Everywhere Essay

Megan’s Law: Protecting American Families Everywhere nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the summer of 1994 in Hamilton, New Jersey, a small girl by the name of Megan Kanka was raped and murdered by a convicted pedophile, Jesse Timmendequas. The shocking crime rocked not only the small town, but the entire country. A desperate mother told reporters â€Å"Please, please help us find our daughter, she’s a wonderful girl ... she’s only seven. Let her come back.† (www.crimelibrary.com) No mother should ever have to beg for her daughter’s life. People thought that everyone had a right to know if a child molester was living in their midst. Dick Zimmer, then a state senator in New Jersey, and later a one-term congressman,†¦show more content†¦Another positive aspect of Megan’s Law is that it makes the pedophile, who had to register themselves as a sex offender, more weary of their actions. People are less likely to act a certain way or do things if they know that everyone is keeping watch over almost all their actions (www.nj.gov). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like most things there is always a negative aspect. A negative aspect of Megan’s Law is how some people consider it to be unconstitutional. People believe that it is unconstitutional in that the rights of the pedophile to live a normal life have been taken away (Star-Ledger). Many argue that they deserve this violation but when it comes down to it, their rights really are being revoked. If a sex offender who has already served their time in prison and has gotten the help that they needed want to start a new life as a new person, they can not do this because of Megan’s Law. Megan’s Law makes it very hard for the person to try and start over now that everyone knows what they had done and their privacy had been violated (Amoroso). Megan’s Law also only lists people who are of moderate or high risk. Basically if you have done something along the lines of pedophilia but nothing that made the newspaper, no one will know about it (Amoroso ). People also try to use the pedophiles as a reason why youShow MoreRelatedSex and Human Trafficking1970 Words   |  8 Pagesin the United States. In the U.S, prostitution/human trafficking is in the top 10 of most common violations, number 1 in countries such as China, Ghana, Haiti, and ect. The numbers are rising, but why isnt anybody trying to stop this heinous crime? Law enforcements are not taking enough action to cease this horrific offense. Instead they are spending more time on (insert different crime). Human trafficking is not only prostitution, it is also kidnapping. Most victims in this felony are kidnapped.Read MoreThe Effects Of E Cigarettes On The United States5297 Words   |  22 Pagesbloodstream. Nicotine by itself is not an awful drug as far as drugs go, although it is highly addictive, it is the tar in cigarettes that does so much damage. Tobacco use remains the number one preventable cause of death in the U.S. with 480,000 Americans dying prematurely from tob acco related disease. Kicking this habit remains difficult for most (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Mark Twain once wrote â€Å"It’s easy to quit smoking, I’ve done it hundreds of times.† There have not beenRead More Confession of Moral Bankruptcy Essay example3631 Words   |  15 Pagesagain. Therefore, all fifty states have some form of a sexual predator registry. Third, states and communities are beginning to prevent sexual predators from moving into areas where they are not identified by community notification laws, more commonly known as Megan’s Law. In order to address these problems, state and local governments are passing new legislation to help deal with these issues. In the last ten years, state and local governments have begun to legislate policy changes on the issueRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pagesopening, closing, and â€Å"Insight on† cases. The text, as well as all of the data, figures, and tables in the book, have been updated through October 2013 with the latest marketing and business intelligence available from eMarketer, Pew Internet American Life Project, Forrester Research, comScore, Gartner Research, and other industry sources. What’s New in E-commerce 2014 E-commerce today is greatly different from e-commerce only five years ago. The iPhone was introduced in 2007. The iPad tabletRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand doctorate in operations management from the College of Business, University of Oregon. He is certified Scrum Master. v â€Å"Man’s mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions.† Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. To my family who have always encircled me with love and encouragement—my parents (Samuel and Charlotte), my wife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease

How Memories From The Brain Is Capable Of Retrieving...

â€Å"Every time I learn the name of a student, I forget the name of a fish† was once said by David Jordan, the president of Stanford University (Anderson, Bjork Bjork, 2000). This statement is interesting because it brings up the idea of the amount of information one can consume and maintain available at any given time; this information is put into memory. Memory is the process of maintaining, recovering, and applying information about episodes and events, when the original material is not current (Goldstein, 2008, p. 136). This definition mean even if we have not just experience that memory, our brain can go back in time and retrieve what has happened hours, days or years ago. Retrieving memories from the brain is the process of relocating material from Long Term Memory (LTM) back into working memory, where it becomes available through consciousness (Goldstein, 2008, p. 197). Our brain is capable of retrieving information because it has been encoded. Encoding is the process of obtaining information then converting it into memories, in which goes onto our LTM (Goldstein, 2008, p. 196). The main claim of this essay is that is that if a memory is encoded correctly, then that is all that is needed for memory failure or success and the process of retrieving memories also relies on the encoding of the memory. Meanwhile, this claim that encoding is all that is needed for memory failure or success was researched by Craik and Lockhart (1972, as described by Goldstein, 2008, p.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Sophistication of the Brain1473 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is it true that the brain is a sophisticated information processor? The human brain is the most important part of the nervous system. The brain along with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system and together they control all of the body’s important functions, such as motor functions, speech, vision, hearing and also involuntary functions like breathing. Many of these functions are localised to a specific area of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is split into four lobes; theRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Turing s Can Machines Think?1587 Words   |  7 Pageswhen trying to combine idea of advancement in technology and what makes us humans: the capability of thinking. Conventionally, we have firmly grasp to the idea that the act of thinking is the official stamp of authenticity which differentiate humans from the rest of beings, and so while trying to decide if a computer can think or not, we are closely scrutinizing the foundation of our nature as beings to its core. But before we dive into the subject matter of why I disagree with Turing, w e must inquireRead MoreThe Issue Of Memory Loss1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Issue of Memory Loss in Relation to Healthy Aging The following paper is an academic discussion on the contemporary issue of memory loss in relation to healthy aging of older adults. Scholarly articles were used for references and facts relating to the topic. Memories constitute a vital part of life for everyone, and certain diseases that largely affect the older population can take those important moments away, leaving the elderly missing vital parts of their lives. The purpose of this paperRead MoreExplain How Biological Factors May Affect One Cognitive Process1659 Words   |  7 PagesExplain how biological factors may affect one cognitive process Memory is essential to human beings. It’s not only the brain’s main function, but is also used everyday without us noticing: we acquire new information, store it, retain it and might retrieve it if needed. It’s thanks to memory and its three main stages: encoding, storage and retrieval, that humans can operate and recall events and information on a daily basis with no difficulty or effort whatsoever. In 1960, it was claimed that thereRead MoreShining A Light On Eyewitnesses1617 Words   |  7 Pagesperson actually witnessed. Some people may say, â€Å"Well, they saw what they saw. Who are we to tell them any different?† This is a very good question. Humans are capable of extraordinary things. We pride ourselves on being the superior of all species on earth all thanks to our brain capacity and opposable thumbs. When we remember something from our past we can picture ourselves back in that precise moment and see what is happening around us. â€Å"Eyewitnesses are the only people with eyes that saw what actuallyRead MoreNicholas Carr s Is Google Making Us Stupid?1245 Words   |  5 Pagesreading habits, and possibly the way their brain is processing information. The old days of having to spend hours researching a subject are long gone because of the Internet. Having such a powerful tool available at any time can be a good and bad thing wrapped up in the same package. Over the last couple decades, home computer and smartphone ownership has been on a steady rise with most homes now having multiple de vices. Therefore, having unlimited information available at all times has become a realityRead MoreThe Biological and Psychological Basis of Learning and Memory1875 Words   |  8 Pagesthe brain performs are referred to as neuroprocesses, which are related to learning and memory. The brain is the center of every function of the body that controls functional learning and memory and how the two are interdependent. Learning occurs when the memory is stimulated. The memory is activated once learning has taken place. With knowledge at the center of attention, it is imperative to stimulate the brain through lifelong learning to achieve longevity and quality of life. The brain is theRead MoreA Research On Memory Strategies996 Words   |  4 PagesMemory Strategies Total-time hypothesis maintains the retention rate of information is directly correlated to how much and long one studies what he/she endeavors to learn (Matlin, 2012). The distributed-practice effect is the spreading of one’s learning trials over time rather than cramming a large amount of content into a minuscule interval of time (Matlin, 2012). The testing effect argues that taking a test or practice test boosts long-term memory for academic material (Matlin, 2012). These threeRead MoreGender Differences and Memory949 Words   |  4 Pagesinterconnection between sex and memory is surprisingly a controversial topic. According to the research they provide, an individual’s sex does, indeed, play an immense role in commemorating the affairs that arise day to day. The human brain consists of many subsystems within the long-term memory. One of which is episodic memory. Episodic Memory is the remembrance of a phenomenal personal experience in terms of what, when, and where. This memory begins by retrieving information such as, words, objects, orRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Thyroid Cancer1656 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter understand what it is, what causes its occurrence, and what lifestyle changes it will bring. Having taken anatomy physiology I know the importance of this gland. This is a gland that has functions to many other organs including the heart, brain, liver, and more. Going into the DMS program I can learn to identify spots on the thyroid and use the knowledge of this cancer to in my career. Also since this disease can be passed down genetically it can help me stay alert because I do fall in the

7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY Free Essays

It goes without saying that leaving your home to study in a foreign country can be scary stuff – especially if you don’t speak the language. Yet all over the world, hundreds of thousands of students move to different countries for their education, and don’t look back! So what is it about moving to another country to study that is so attractiveWell Studying or living abroad is an experience of a lifetime. You learn more about yourself and the world than you ever have before, and possibly ever will again. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY or any similar topic only for you Order Now So in case you’re tossing up whether or not to study abroad, we look at the 7 lessons that you will learn from moving to the UK to study. COMMUNICATION Believe it or not, it is perfectly possible to communicate without a speaking the common language. In fact, you can make friends with people even if you only speak a few words of their language or vice versa. Reach out and show people you mean to communicate. Making the effort to communicate certainly teaches you a great deal about how relationships and friendships work and how communication is more than just the words we say. CONFIDENCE If you’re a naturally shy person you’ll soon discover that you are not as shy as you first thought. In fact, in the right circumstances, you can talk to anyone. From sheer necessity you will be forced to operate in an unfamiliar environment. There can be a lot of ego-boosting moments as you navigate the new and different successfully, and that lends new confidence to all of us. SELF-RELIANCE Before you move abroad, you probably have an extensive network of family and friends to help you out. Such a network is fantastic and will always be there for you, even if it’s only via phone and email. But living in a foreign country means you’ll likely learn that you can rely on yourself to get through tough times. You will soon discover that you can do it on your own. OPEN-MINDEDNESS If you have made the decision to move abroad, you probably have some degree of open-mindedness. However, in terms of experiences as simple as food, you will no doubt learn to be even more open-minded and less judgemental about new things and the new people you meet. RESPECT AND UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES Every country is different. There is no better experience than living abroad to open your mind to other cultures and traditions. It’s often mind-blowing, personally enriching, and always a daily life lesson. YOU CAN DO IT! The number one thing you will learn from living in a foreign country is that if you put your mind to it, you can do anything! Before you move abroad, so many things sound so difficult — getting the right visa, learning a new language, fitting in to a different culture — but once you’re there, nothing is as hard as it sounds. And this tends to spill over into all areas of your life. ASK FOR HELP There’s no shame in recognising that moving to another country is difficult, especially to study – learning to write academically in a whole different language is certainly a challenge. But Universities and lecturers understand this and will provide guidance to help bring you up to speed with what is required to come out of Uni with an incredible life-experience, and grade! If you do feellike you need some support with you studies, then speak to us at our site and we will show you how we can help you to pass your course with ease! How to cite 7 THINGS YOU ONLY LEARN FROM MOVING TO THE UK TO STUDY, Essay examples

Why Students Should Have Part Time Jobs free essay sample

Is it a good idea for High School Students to have a part-time job? I think that high school students should have part time jobs because it gives students a chance to get out and contribute to the community. It teaches students the value of money and gives them skills that they can use in their future. Firstly, a part time job for students is a good idea because students are greatly needed to participate in to todays society, getting a job in the community is a great way to participate and get themselves involved. It gives students a sense of ownership and belonging within their community that they too are an active member that helps make the society function at its highest level. Also, when students get a pay check they have to know that they need to budget their money and also to create a savings account for future purchases. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Students Should Have Part Time Jobs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also teaches them the value of the dollar where a teenager when about to spend their money they can stop and question themselves is this a want, or is this a need? This is a great tool for young adults to acquire at a young age. Finally it gives students important skills useful for their future. For example, a student was to get a job at the local gas bar one would learn how to handle money, how to stock shelves, order supplies that are needed, customer service and the ability to handle hazardous materials. Its also builds a students character and trust worthy value. As we all know in society word of mouth about ones character and how responsible they are excel fast within any community. In conclusion, part time work for a student is a key element in future success. It allows the student to grow and learn as an individual and creates strong work ethic. There is nothing more valuable to an employer than an employee that has these skills and in life there is nothing more desirable as an individual than to have a strong sense of worth, character and the ability to handle and manage money to their fullest potential.

Competency Demonstration Report (CDR)

Question: Describe about the Competency Demonstration Report (CDR). Answer: Introduction CE 1.1.1 The career episode describes the first project that I have done in Laguna Clothing Pvt Limited. This project indicates the change in the production system of the organization. The duration of the project was March 2015 to December 2015. I was under the probationary period of three months while I joined the organization as the assistance manager. CE 1.2 Laguna Clothing Pvt Limited gives outline and nature of Italian items with the phenomenal quality for Asian assembling. It is a flawless fit for medium and abnormal state brands of formal Shirt fabricating. CE 1.3 Background CE 1.3.1 Making the lead time less was the primary objective of the project as it is the core of every lean related action. The project concentrated on contemplating the Value stream of the procedure and decreasing the none seem added exercises to achieve the client in the briefest conceivable time. High level of an impulse purchase, low capability, the shorter lifecycle of production and few others are the types of the issues that the garment industry is facing right now. CE 1.3.2 The lean tools can be considered as the most effective component for getting flexibility in the clothing industry. CE 1.3.3 Additional inventory, waiting for products and rework these are the non-value added work. The goal of the project was to fulfill the client in the shortest time possible by eliminating those non-value added tasks. CE 1.3.4 My responsibility as an assistance manager in the Lean department was to create the proposal in terms of the flow of the project and including the related stakeholders for collecting feedback and discuss few aspects before the commence of development. I contemplated the procedure from request start stage to completed merchandise conveyance and concluded that the processing plant or the creation had a most extreme degree for development as it was the spot where we could see the transformation of the crude materials to completed products. CE 1.3.5 In order to reach the goal of the project I studied several case studies of the garment industry. CE 1.4 Personal Engineering Tasks CE 1.4.1 Along with the identification of the gaps that have to be improved, I started making in detail present state value stream map in terms of the entire process through carrying out time study. The benefit from the map is that I got recognized maximum time consumptions by the sewing parts. CE 1.4.2 Because of the complexity of the tasks, high skills were required for making quality work environment in the production system. CE 1.4.3 The sewing lines took after the dynamic pack framework which is the most customary type of piece of clothing assembling. The lead time for the parts and get together segment summed up to be five days of the aggregate lead time of 11 days including the pre-creation arrangements and mass generation in the production line. CE 1.4.4 I made a summary of the report which consisted the information regarding the outcome of the analysis on the high implication of the work in progress. They completely concurred with my decisions that the gigantic WIP was the real issue that expanded the throughput time too expanded the revamp rate. The revamp rate was high on the grounds that when the checker would achieve the issue pieces, there would be numerous packs of such pieces officially sitting tight to check. Now and again, despite the fact that the pieces of clothing were sewed and kept prepared however they couldn't be stuffed because of high WIP and ordinarily the inadequate parts would be shrouded which made it hard to clear them while finishing the last request amount. The WIP was a purpose behind lessened adaptability, and it additionally made line adjusting dangers. The difficulty in accepting a flexible manufacturing system was the batch processing as it narrowed down the learning of the operators. CE 1.4.5 These examination and perceptions were the real issues which I chipped away at. I had seen the piece of clothing commercial enterprises which had executed eton a programmed arrangement of holders which would move to administrators area for the operation and move further for culmination and if there should arise an occurrence of revamp the eton would stay in a circle to be cleared later. CE 1.4.6 UHS system was the first system that was implemented by us. The installation of the system located in the line of Line numbers four. I acknowledged a supplier in Chennai, which is a part of the garment industry and used the Eton before. At most twelve operations were involved with each of the assembly lines and the line number four was consisted with three assembly lines. As per every workstation, seven hangers had been considered. CE 1.4.7 In terms of avoiding the irrelevant activities I had also worked with the IE team. The actions in the training sessions had also been consulted by me regarding some alterations in the implementation of the production system. CE 1.4.8 The layout was set and operators were ready for the big day. The number of work in progress in the assembly line was zero. CE 1.4.9 My suggestion to the IE team was to carry out a video analysis. It is because I wanted the implementation process to be fully accurate. The hangers were loaded with the parts as per the sequence of operation. For join shoulder operation they would evacuate just the front parts and connect it to back part which was on the holder. CE 1.4.10 After an effective trial of one month with the required institutionalization I led a period investigation of the operations and plotted to record the lead time. The sewing segments lead time radically decreased by 1.5 days. The WIP was zero in the gathering segment. The generation had expanded, and the administrators were cheerful to get great motivator sum. The revamp rate decreased to under 2%. CE 1.4.11 The unit hanging system was as per the expectations of the management. CE 1.4.12 The management took the decision of installing the UGS system in the parts system also. It made Laguna the first every organization to install UHS in the parts. CE 1.4.13 As front was a challenging section, I put the severe focus on the multi tasking and operator capacity. Five hangers, ten hangers, and seventy two hangers were considered by me in areas operations, checkpoint and matching area respectively with ten percent allowance. CE 1.4.14 The administrators were readied, and they were propelled as UHS had demonstrated positive in a get together area and it helped them get the better motivating force. The UHS wasintroduced three weeks after the fact and since I knew the inadequacies of this framework I had taken at most care to maintain a strategic distance from such circumstances. CE 1.4.15 The other line has experienced the implementation of the system because of the success of work I undertook at first. CE 1.4 Summary: CE 1.4.1 The application of the knowledge and experience that had collected from my past project was a crucial factor in the success of the project. The responsibility of handling several other projects was put upon me. CE 1.4.2 I comprehended that arranging and execution are real parts in any undertaking. I consistently upgraded my venture status and caught up with other colleagues in my task to know the overhauls furthermore upheld them at whatever point they required my help. CE 1.4.3 The new production system consisted of various tangible and intangible advantages. Five days reduction in the time of throughput occurred in sewing to two days. Because of the removal of irrelevant trolleys, thirty three percent of space was gained on the floor. CE 1.4.4 There were additionally a few burdens of the framework.

The Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry Essay Example For Students

The Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry Essay Technology on Music Recording Industry and Society TV has restored the daily life of family, Photography has altered the way we look at the world, the computer has changed everything. (Mark Katz, 2010) It is true the computer has converted everything into digital. Digital technology has also changed the ways of sound and voice recording. It has gradually led to the changes not only in the production of sound but also in the views of society, precisely consumers and producers. Since the asss, the computer, music and audio industries have influenced on one another. Nowadays, many people use different digital sound recording equipment and sound recording software to transform recording to get the best quality of sound and the fastest way of recording; and to meet their goals and consumers needs. This report will focus on how technology has contributed to shape the systems of sound recording, the role or producer, engineer and music production. We will write a custom essay on The Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now History of Sound Recording Technology Todays digital recording system has derived from the first sound recording device called Phonograph which was invented by a French man, LÂ ©on Scott De Martingale in 1857. The visual image of sound was recorded with a cylinder covered with a soot but it could not be played back. This lead to Thomas Edison, in 1877 to invent; a machine called a phonograph that could both record and play back audio instantly using a tinfoil-wrapped cylinder rotated with a handle. However, it was discouraging because the foil could be used only a few times before it deteriorated, thus creating enormous production costs. Later, sound recordings have developed as electrical recording (1925), magnetic tape recording (1935), multi-track recording (1943) and finally into the era of the information technology for digital recordings (1972) and multi-track digital recordings (sass). In fact, digital recordings started in 1972 when Nippon Columbia Goof Japan introduced the first professional digital audio converter a technology using a process called Pulse Code Modulation (PC) and a standard video recorder. PC translates audio signals into binary information that can be stored and manipulated in a variety of ways; and digital editing can be performed with an excellent precision. Overview of Technology, Recording Industry and Society The Impacts of Technology on Music Recording Industry and Society By tailor now be easily made in many devices such as stereo in the cars, mobile phones, AMP players, televisions, etc. Through digital technology. In fact, Digital audio is quite useful in the recording, mass-production and distribution of sound. Nowadays, music can be distributed online by digital recording and data compression. Regardless of a few drawbacks of digital technology, it is thus notable that the development of technology contributes to the society to receive the new production of music in fastest and convenient way; and to the music industry to reduce the costs of production and distribution. Technology also changed the insights of Society influenced by changes to previous generation inventions:- the first personal music players, cassettes stored music. However, it seemed fragile when compact disks appeared. Later, as compact disks also seemed to be too large and limited, the AMP players, small but holding large amount of data, were created. The recent innovations of digital devices such as smart phones and tablets have drawn the attentions from the consumers since they can not only make phone calls, texts and take pictures but also includes easy access to music and all stuffs via cellular and Wife networks. The consumers are always keeping up modern digital devices with the software applications to make recordings and editing on their phones and tablets. .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .postImageUrl , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:hover , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:visited , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:active { border:0!important; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:active , .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571 .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf9741ed2808222a6355ac764b236571:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evolution Of Technology EssayThus, societal preferences have influenced the changes of technology as well. Another impact of technology has been on the music industry and the artists. Until recently, the music industry provided artists one path only, to reach and connect the artists and their pre-recorded music with their fans. Signing to a record label and a contract, the artists have transferred ownership of copyrights to the producers and fans could only buy pre-recorded music with labels. However, the new digital music industry has now the abundance of obstacles for artists and music fans. With the launch of streaming services for high-speed Net access in the smart phones and tablets, the only remaining piece of the old industrys music network is AM/FM radio in cars but sooner or later, this final change will also make it collapsed. The Role of Digital Technology in Contemporary Era * Consumers Views on Digital Technology Over two decades, digital technology introduced by the computer industry has made outside influences on recording practice changed drastically. The Internet also provided a new way to distribute music with new formats such as amp, MPEG, and wave; and this led to the rise of the POP (peer-to-peer) file sharing technology. According to Person (2006), music consumers are not only the major supporters of recordings, but also of other technical products, supporting changes in playback equipment and home recording technologies. Music fans do not need labels, retail stores and media outlets any more, to listen to pre-recorded music before buying it. Public has access to all music and makes their own decisions to select and buy the ones they like. Therefore, more people are now engaging and listening to music since digital music is easily available in their devices all the times. In contrast to the benefits of digital technology for the consumers, these factors contributed to the frequent changes of consumers views on ever changing technology and often have a sales of recorded music. * Views of Industry and Artists on Digital Technology In digital era, the artists do not need to depend on the music producers for labels to record, manufacture and distribute in media outlets. Digital technology has replaced he traditional music industry which was based on the concept of exploitation of the artist with a modern music industry that serves the artist. These new schemes provide value at fair prices while being innovative, transparent, accurate and fast through internet, digital signals and/or transmissions. Only one drawbacks for the artists is the most difficult and important task; that is the creative challenge for them to create music that makes a personal and meaningful connection with the listener which they could make in live show or face-to-face interactions with their audience. Pros and Cons of Technology for Music Industry With the advancement of technology, recording systems have amazingly been developed, shifting from Scott and Editions acoustic recording era to digital recording era. However, technology development has also influenced the evolution of the music industry, as it has been many times a challenge for existing modes of its economic relationships and the law. In fact, the change of recording technology has both positive and negative impact on the music industry in many ways. One of the positive impacts of digital technologies on the major record labels is significant, resulting in a 3. 5 billion shrink in income from 1999 to 2006 including digital sales. This is because non-commercial musicians have released their work through the same companies and the same channels as commercial musicians, the artists have economically been affected by the changes of music recording industry. Furthermore, the changes of music distribution via digital technology create new issues for copyright protection and the revenues that will accrue to larger and smaller companies and musicians. .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .postImageUrl , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:hover , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:visited , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:active { border:0!important; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:active , .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac7da991bae66a310320c3b18bf31b0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Popularity of K-Pop EssaySo far, internet legislations are still not sufficient and throng enough to control the copy right issues in the internet. On the other hand, the music industry has begun to adopt technological measures, often referred to as digital rights management (DRUM), to control the sale and distribution of music over the Internet (Patrick, 2004). When the copyright issues can be managed to some extent either by new legislations in some countries or by the some new software, it is a great advantage for music company to release and distribute their products in low costs and faster ways. The other positive impact is counteracts, solving the digital issues with another invention of digital technology. Because of the later version of some digital software, the internet theft and illegal copy or peer-to-peer file sharing can now be controlled and digital software such as Spottily helped the increase in the music industrys revenue and avoided of closing down the records stores and declining sales. In 2012, digital music sales rose 9% to $5. 6 billion, making up 34% of total revenue and that was the first time increased in revenue in a decade in 2012. Since everything has pros and cons that impact on others, it is noteworthy about chital technology that has brought positive and negative aspects for Music Company, musicians and consumers due to its rapid development over a few decades. The musicians and the consumers. The artists can make recordings where they want, connect with the fans online and advertise their new release without any cost; while the consumers can download individual songs they like, buy their favorite songs with low cost and share the music with others without having charges for delivery.

Legend Of Kate Morgan Essays (1030 words) - Kate Morgan,

Legend Of Kate Morgan Have you ever had the feeling you werent alone? Have you ever felt a cold breeze in a room with no windows? Have you ever heard voices or footsteps when you thought you were alone? What would be the cause of these mysterious situations? Would it be your imagination, a hallucination, a ghost? According to thus study xx% of people believe in ghosts and the paranormal The paranormal has been a fascination of mine every since I was a little girl and believed that a witch lived in my closet. The room was very cold and I always had nightmares in there, and it was much colder than the rest of the house. Ever since then I had been interested in finding out if hauntings and ghosts do occur. In my search for knowledge on the subject I came across a very interesting story, The Legend of Kate Morgan. I would like to share with you the story of Kate Morgan in association with the haunting of the Hotel Dell Coronado and the mysteries surrounding her death. On November 24th, 1892 a young woman checked into room 302 of Hotel Del Coronado under the name of Lottie Anderson Bernard. Five days later she was found dead on the exterior stairs of the hotel leading to the beach. She had a gun wound to her head and a pistol was found at her side. What happened to this young woman? Well, thats where the legend begins. Lottie Anderson Bernard was an alias for Kate Morgan who was 24 years old and married to Tom Morgan. The two were said to be con artists who told people they were brother and sister as part of their scam. Kate was a very beautiful woman and would use her charms to attract men, then she would tell them they had to gain her brothers approval by playing a hand of cards with him, this is how Kate and Tom made their money as they rode the trains and conned people. Now one day Tom and Kate had a fight on the train from Los Angeles to San Diego, and Tom disembarked the train while Kate continued on to San Diego where she proceeded to Hotel Del Coronado. During her stay in room 302, which is room 3312 today, the hotel employees reported that she looked very ill and pale. Kate told the employees she had stomach cancer and was waiting for her brother who was a doctor to come. Some people believe that the reason that Tom and Kate argued on the train was because she became pregnant and wanted to settle down while Tom did not want to change their gambling lifestyle. Tom ran off and was supposed to return to the hotel some time after Thanksgiving. People believe Kate was sick because she was taking quinine pills, which would cause a woman to miscarrybecause these quinine pills were reportedly found in her room after her death. When Tom did not return to the hotel, Kate went into town and bought a gun. Shortly there after she was found dead. The San Diego Coroner said that Kate Morgan died of a self-inflicted gun shot to the head, and that Kate Morgan committed suicide. Many people believe this is what happened, Kate Morgan (pregnant or not) suffered from a broken heart and killed herself. Still others believe that Tom Morgan did come back to the hotel and he killed Kate Morgan. Some such as Alan May in his published book The Legend of Kate Morgan: The Search for the Ghost of the Hotel Del Coronado conclude that the bullet found in Kates head is not the same caliber of the gun that she purchased. Nobody can say for sure what happened to Kate Morgan. Was she pregant or not? Did she committ suicide or was she murdered? Nobody really knows which of these mysterious circumstances are true..but this is not where the story ends. The Hotel Del Coronado is said to behaunted by Kate Morgans ghost. Room 3312 is said to be haunted with Kates spirit and the guests in room 3312 oftern find the belongings have been moved, they hear murmurings, and footsteps, and cool breezes seem to come from no where. One employee said

Essay for Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example

Essay for Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates Paper Skylar Wakarchuk Ms. Luckhardt September 18th, 2011 Oates, Joyce Carol. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Literature and Ourselves, 6th edition Gloria Mason Henderson, Anna Dunlap Higgins, Bill Day, Sandra Stevenson Waller. New York: Pearson, 2009. 106-120 Have you ever been in a situation where youre invited to this big party and you tell your parents about it and they seem to be drowning you with questions about the certain topic like Wheres the party at? , Whos going to be there? , Will there be any adult supervision? and other related questions. Parents ask these type of questions because theyre concerned for your well being but in Connies case she doesnt have to worry because her of her lack of relationship with her family. Connies father is very unhelpful with raising his children because he works during the day, arrives home late each evening, and as a result of his exhaustion, reads the newspaper at supper and after supper he went to bed (106). Since he has no intereaction with his children, he offers no guidance to Connie or her sister which leds to their mother taking both roles as both mother and father figure(s). Now Connies sister, June was described as plain and steady, or the good girl who does things right and therefore builds the sibling rivialry between Connie and June. So, the relationship with June is also unpleasant because their mother praises June more often than Connie. Even though most people consider June a responsible adult, at the age of twenty-four, June still lived at home with her parents. Also, June was a secretary in the high school Connie attended which results that Connie has to hear June being praised all the time by her mother and her mother’s sisters. June did this, June did that, she saved money and helped clean the house and cooked and Connie couldn’t do a thing, her mind was filled with trashy daydreams (106). We will write a custom essay sample on Essay for Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay for Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay for Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The relationship that Connie has with her mother is somewhat questionable because she always considers her daughter prettier and younger even though she had been pretty once too, if you could believe those old snapshots in the album, but now her looks were gone and that was why she was always after Connie (106). Now, with Connies pretty appearence her mother constantly critizes her about everything and anything that Connie does or doesnt do which leds to negative results like Connie becoming more rebellious by going to places where her parents dont know her whereabouts. Now the lack of relationship(s) with her family makes Connie become more rebellious and leds her to get more attention from other sources like hanging out with her friends and flirting with boys. Maybe if her parents were more concern about Connies well being and safety than she mightve made a different choice. But for these reasons, this leds to the vulnerable state she becomes and easly falls prey for the likes of Arnold Friend.

Essay on Pets

Essay on Pets This essay is about animals as pets and the opposing and conflicting views. Many people think that pets are too much of a responsibility, as they require food, walked on a regular basis, trained properly and lots of love and care. Any pet that lives outside a cage has to be trained properly so that it does not soil the home. Without training dogs can be very destructive and even dangerous. Pets are also very expensive and their food, toys, and medical treatment cost a lot of money too. Some pets are not looked after properly by their owners and sometimes the owner even loses interest. There were 40,879 humane destruction’s of dogs last year, 32,769 of cats and 18,816 of others. These figures include 29,610 dogs and cats too sick to live. People are cruel to pets and hurt them in al sorts of ways. In 1985 the RSPCA had to destroy 137,632 dogs cats and other pets, many were healthy but just too much for the RSPCA to find homes for. Inspectors from the RSPCA were called out to investigate 64,678 complaints last year. These are just some of the bad points of having a pet. Others think of pets as trusted friends as they give us comfort and affection. Pets are tame animals kept for companionship or because they are attractive to look at. Pets are good fun and can teach children responsibilities in life. Pets in the UK are very popular below are the top ten pets in England and Wales. In 1980 there was 5.6million dogs in the UK, this number increased by 1.8million in 1989. There were 2million more cats in the UK in 1989 than in 1980. The number of Budgies also increased by 0.1million in 1989. The Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals more commonly known as the RSPCA looks after animals that have been treated badly. Last year the RSPCA homed 105,079 animals including dogs, cats and many other animals. If you don’t have a pet I would seriously consider buying one. Pets are very good company and almost any animal could be a pet. Unusual pets require special care and some knowledge and how they behave in the wild. Many pets need very little attention or space – there is room in the smallest home for a fish tank or a birdcage.

Amazing Sand Dollar Facts

Amazing Sand Dollar Facts A sand dollar (Echinarachnius parma) is an echinoid, a type of invertebrate animal whose skeletons- called tests- are commonly found on beaches the world over. The test is usually white or grayish-white, with a star-shaped marking in its center. The common name for these animals comes from their likeness to silver dollars. When they are alive, sand dollars look much different. They are covered with short, velvety spines that  are colored purple to reddish brown. Fast Facts: Sand Dollar Scientific Name: Echinarachnius parmaCommon Name(s): Common sand dollar or northern sand dollar; also known as sea cookies, snapper biscuits, sand cakes, cake urchins, or pansy shellsBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: Live adult animals measure between 2–4 inches in diameter, and approximately 1/3 inch thick  Lifespan: 8–10 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceansPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Not evaluated Description Living animals of the common sand dollar (Echinarachnius parma) species are generally sub-circular, measuring approximately 2–4 inches across, and are coated with spines that are purple, reddish-purple or brown in color. The test of the sand dollar is its endoskeleton- it is called an endoskeleton because it lies underneath the sand dollars  spines and skin, and it is made of fused calcareous plates. This is different than the skeletons of other echinoderms- sea stars, basket stars, and brittle stars have smaller plates that are flexible, and the skeleton of sea cucumbers is made up of tiny ossicles buried in the body. The top (aboral) surface of the sand dollar test  has a pattern that looks like five petals. There are five sets of tube feet that extend from these petals, which the sand dollar uses for respiration. The sand dollars anus is located at the rear of the animal- found in the edge of the test below the single vertical line extending from the center of the star. Sand dollars move by using the spines located on their underside.   Daniela Duncan / Getty Images Species Sand dollars are echinoderms, which means like sea stars, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins, they have a radiating arrangement of parts and a body wall stiffened by bony pieces such as spines. In fact, they are basically flat sea urchins and are in the same class, Echinoidea, as sea urchins. This class is divided into two groups: the regular echinoids (sea urchins and pencil urchins) and irregular echinoids (heart urchins, sea biscuits, and sand dollars). The irregular echinoids have a front, a back and basic bilateral symmetry on top of the normal pentameral symmetry (five parts around a center) that regular echinoids possess.   There are many species  of sand dollars. Besides E. parma, those found commonly in the United States include: Dendraster excentricus  (Eccentric, western, or Pacific sand dollar) are found in the Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja, California. These sand dollars grow to about 4 inches across and have gray, purple or blackish spines.Clypeaster subdepressus  (Sand dollar, sea biscuit) live in the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, from the Carolinas to Brazil.  Mellita sp. (Keyhole sand dollars or keyhole urchins) are found in tropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and the Caribbean Sea. There are approximately 11 species of keyhole sand dollars. Sand dollars are classified as follows: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass:  Clypeasteroida (includes sand dollars and sea biscuits) Habitat and Distribution Common sand dollars have been found throughout the North Pacific and eastern North Atlantic oceans, at locations from just below the intertidal zone to more than 7,000 feet.  As their name suggests, sand dollars prefer to live in the sand, in densities ranging between .5 and 215 per 10.7 square foot. They use their spines to burrow into the sand, where they seek protection and food.  Adult sand dollars- those over 2 inches in diameter- live in the intertidal zone. Most sand dollars live in seawater (saline environments), although some species do occur in estuarine habitats which combine of river and lake water, and are chemically distinct from saline or freshwater environments. Studies show that sand dollars require a certain level of salinity to fertilize their eggs. The sand dollar uses its spines to burrow into sand. Douglas Klug / Getty Images Diet and Behavior Sand dollars feed on small food particles in the sand, typically microscopically sized algae, but they do also eat fragments of other animals and have been classed as carnivores according to the World Register of Marine Species. The particles land on the spines, and then are transported to the sand dollars mouth by its tube feet, pedicellaria (pincers), and mucous-coated cilia. Some sea urchins rest on their edges in the sand to maximize their ability to catch prey that is floating by.   Like other sea urchins, the mouth of a sand dollar is called Aristotles lantern and is made up of five jaws. If you pick up a sand dollar test and shake it gently, you may hear the pieces of the mouth rattling inside. Reproduction and Offspring There are male and female sand dollars, although, from the outside, it is difficult to tell which is which. Reproduction is sexual and accomplished by the sand dollars releasing eggs and sperm into the water. The fertilized eggs are yellow in color and coated in a protective jelly, with an average diameter of about 135 micros, or 1/500th of an inch. They develop into tiny larvae, which feed and move using cilia. After several weeks, the larva settles to the bottom, where it metamorphoses. Juveniles (under 2 inches in diameter) are found in the subtidal zones and slowly migrate into exposed beach areas as they mature; the smallest are found in the highest beach elevations. They can bury themselves in the sand up to two inches deep, and very dense populations can stack themselves up to three animals deep. Threats Sand dollars may be affected by fishing, especially from bottom trawling, ocean acidification, which may affect the ability to form the test;  climate change, which might affect available habitat; and collection. Reduced salinity lowers fertilization rates. Although you can find plenty of information on how to preserve sand dollars, you should collect only dead sand dollars, never live ones. Sand dollars are not eaten by humans, but they can be prey for sea stars, fish, and crabs. Conservation Status The sand dollar is not currently listed as an endangered species. Sand Dollars and Humans Sand dollar tests are sold in shell shops and on the internet, for decorative purposes or souvenirs and often with a card or inscription referencing the  Legend of the Sand Dollar. Such references are associated with Christian mythology, suggesting that the five-pointed star in the center of the top of the sand dollars test is a representation of the Star of Bethlehem that guided the wise men to the baby Jesus. The five openings in the test are said to represent Jesuss wounds during his crucifixion: the four wounds in his hands and feet and the fifth in his side. On the underside of the sand dollar test, it is said that there is an outline of a Christmas poinsettia; and if you break it open, you will find five small bones that represent doves of peace. These doves are actually the five jaws of the sand dollars mouth (Aristotles lantern).   Other lore about sand dollars references the washed-up tests as mermaid coins or coins from Atlantis. Sources Allen, Jonathan D., and Jan A. Pechenik. Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius Parma. The Biological Bulletin 218 (2010): 189–99. Print.Brown, Christopher L. Substrate Preference and Test Morphology of a Sand Dollar (Echinarachnius Parma) Population in the Gulf of Maine. Bios 54.4 (1983): 246–54. Print.Coulombe, Deborah. Seaside Naturalist: A Guide to Study at the Seashore. Simon Schuster, 1980..Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck, 1816). World Register of Marine Species.Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck 1816). Encyclopedia of Life.  Ellers, Olaf, and Malcolm Telford. Collection of Food by Oral Surface Podia in the Sand Dollar, Echinarachnius Parma (Lamarck). The Biological Bulletin 166.3 (1984): 574–82. Print.Harold, Antony S., and Malcolm Telford. Substrate Preference and Distribution of the Northern Sand Dollar, Echinarachnius Parma (Lamarck). International Echinoderms Conference. Ed . Lawrence, J.M.: A.A. Balkema, 1982. Print. Kroh, Andreas. Clypeasteroida. World Echinoidea Database, 2013.Pellissier, Hank. Local Intelligence: Sand Dollars. The New York Times, January 8, 2011. Smith, Andrew. B. Skeletal morphology of sand dollars and their relatives. The Echinoid Directory. Waggoner, Ben. Introduction to the Echinoidea. University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2001.

Listening to Podcasts in German

Listening to Podcasts in German We discovered Annik Rubens and her five-minute Schlaflos in Mà ¼nchen podcasts first, and then it was about an hour with a Swiss-German dee-jay at jradio.ch in Zurich. (Cool to hear Schwytzerdytsch, the musics cool, but in English.) The variety of topics and sheer numbers of podcasts in German is amazing for such a relatively new phenomenon! People all around the world- including Austria, Germany, and Switzerland- are producing their own mini-radio shows on topics from art culture to porn, from daily life to rock, or world news politics. There are podcasts in German dialects and even kidspods for young listeners (Hà ¶rkultur fà ¼r Kinder). Youll find pro versions and podcasts by just plain folks. PodcastenaufDeutsch What is podcasting? Heres a definition in German: Der Begriff Podcasting meint das automatische Herunterladen von Audio-Dateien aus dem Internet. Meistens handelt es sich dabei um private Radio-Shows, die sich einem bestimmten Thema widmen. - podster.de (See the English explanation in the next paragraph.) Audio on the web is nothing new. However, das Podcasten is a new way of approaching online audio (and video). It really seems to be a good thing for language-learners. The term podcast is a play on words that mixes broadcast and iPod to come up with podcast. A podcast is a lot like a radio broadcast, but with some crucial differences. First of all, a podcaster doesnt need a real radio station. Anyone with basic recording and computer skills can produce a podcast. Second, unlike radio, you can listen to a podcast at any time and in any place. You can click on a podcast and listen to it immediately (just like streaming audio), or you can save it to your computer (and/or iPod) for later. Some podcasts require a free subscription and/or special podcast software (i.e., iTunes, iPodder, Podcatcher, etc.), but most podcasts can be heard using a normal Web browser set up for MP3 audio. The advantage of subscribing is that youll get your chosen podcast on a regular basis, just like a newsletter.  A lot of the podcasting software and services are free. You dont have to pay for anything unless you want to. The free iTunes software from Apple (for Mac or Windows) has support for podcasts and is perhaps the easiest way to subscribe to podcasts in German or other languages. How to Find German Podcasts The best way is to use iTunes or some other podcast directory. Podcast.net lists over 20 podcasts in German. Thats where I found Annik and Schlaflos in Mà ¼nchen, but shes also listed in iTunes and other directories. (Some podcasts listed under Deutsch may actually be in English, because its up to the podcaster to select the category.) Of course, there are also German podcast directories, including das deutsche Podcasting Portal - German podcasts. The iPodder.org site has a page for podster.de, but you need to download the free Juicer client (Mac, Win, Linux) to use it. You can also use Google.de or other search engines to find podcasts in German. Some Selected Podcast Sites in German Most podcasters have a Web site related to their podcasts, often with a forum for feedback and comments. Most will let you stream their MP3 podcasts, but if you want to subscribe, try one of the podcast clients such as iPodder. Annik Rubens: Schlaflos in Mà ¼nchen 3-5 minute daily podcasts1st Intergalactic Podcast Ralfs tgliche handvoll Minà ¼tchen à ¼ber einfach allesAudibleBlog.de Topics: Large variety (business, Kinder, usw.) DIE ZEIT and audio highlights (3-12 min.) from audible.deGnak Podcast Verschiedenes von Nicole Simone in Là ¼beck

Implementing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Implementing Strategy - Assignment Example The organizational strategy between divisions is characterized with bureaucracy. This is as a result of a centralized organization structure which is inflexible to the constantly changing market needs. The need for an innovative approach in global expansion in addressing the constantly changing global market demands calls for a review of the organizational structure. The new model in figure 1, is a decentralized system to inspire innovation in global expansion. As opposed to a centralized system where control and decision-making mechanism lies solely with the board, the model structure allows departments to make independent decisions fast as changes in prevailing market conditions fluctuates. For efficiency in logistics, the model integrates distribution and purchasing process under a single department function (Barca 2003). The new model includes a set of tools that allow departmental managers and branch managers to cooperate with a mutual understanding of the production process and the goals of the organization. By this, it facilitates the quick response to internal and external opportunities, and utilize creativity to present new processes, ideas and products at the local level. Implementing this organizational strategy saves time due to its flexibility to consumer demands. Departmental independence also facilitates the contribution of each department towards realizing the company’s goal of a continued global innovation expansion. With continued expansion of IKEA globally, the benefits of a decentralized system of management increases immensely. With the rapid growth, different challenges arise at various levels of production and supply. The challenges range from difficulty in responding to different nation`s needs and cultural variations. These constant changes call for an organizational structure whose decision-making mechanism is not constrained

Reaction paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper - Assignment Example The black blocks generally connote a sense of hopelessness, loss or even grief while the uneven size represents uniqueness. I could just visualize how lonely it looks in winter as the victims of Holocaust fought for dear life. I carry on with me such interpretation because I have seen the film â€Å"Schindler’s List† that showed that dark age in modern history. The Field of Stelae accomplished its purpose by presenting something simple yet provocative. Undoubtedly, Peter Eisenman is a genius for he has successfully conveyed all the horrors of the Holocaust using uneven structures. The memorial is hauntingly beautiful that it never fails to attract tourists. Although it is a scar from humanity’s wound, Germany is very humble to devote much time and resources in building the memorial. Imagine the space that could have been used for commercial projects! This just shows how Germany prioritizes art and history in lieu of commercialism. The video is truly remarkable fo r it has encapsulated the grace, form and significance of the memorial.

Constructivism and social constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constructivism and social constructivism - Essay Example Based on theoretical approaches that work on the basics resultant from studies and observations, constructivists believe novel concepts of knowledge are acquired (Philips, 2000). Through constant encounters with new channels of knowledge, learners are able to not only alter what they know, but also modify what they have also learnt in the previous classroom settings. In relation to this aspect, the educators must ensure that they ask learners questions on what they had previously be taught, so as to refresh their memories and assess the levels of understanding for these learners. Through weighing this kind of information, the educators are able to understand what areas to improve on the learners. In the case of early year's education, constructivism can be applied when the educators attempt to make sure that the learners answer questions relating to their environment, based on the practical lessons that they had gone through in the course of the week or the previous lessons. Exposure to the real world is vital in the early childhood education since the learners have to have a one on one touch with reality. Subjection to theoretical exams based on the practical given in the learning environment. Through this, the learners are able to relate concepts taught in the past, apply them in the present, and preserve the new information for the future. This is an elucidation of the fact that learning is a step by step process of building up information, based on reflection of the past experiences.

Manage Performance Management Systems Case Study

Manage Performance Management Systems - Case Study Example As the case study tells us, Samantha's performance was not satisfactory either due to a shortage in quantity or a lack of quality. The situation for strongly against Samantha and seizing the opportunity, Peter fired her. However this wasn't the best possible process to terminate an employee. Peter should have prepared Samantha ahead of the termination that her performance wasn't up to the mark and she should increase her efficiency to maintain her place in the company. This negative reinforcement would have motivated Samantha to work harder and would have warned her about what could happen. This way if her performance would not have increased, her termination would set in as an automatic process rather than a shock. Appraisal of an employee is not based solely on the output produced by that employee. Other factors such as experience of the employee, number of years served in the company, future value of the employee to the company all should come into consideration when an employee is being appraised. Peter is committing a mistake by only judging the quantity and the quality of the output. There could be a variety of reasons why Samantha's output is not up to the standard. It could be because of the type of work that is male oriented or maybe Samantha is troubled by external sources which affects her performance at work. So therefore Peter should consider factors and analyze how those factors might be affecting Samantha's performance rather than just looking at the result. Another mistake that Peter is committing here is that the decision taken is too abrupt. He should think out the termination process with more detail and information. Another thing that Peter should look into when appraising is to consult other fellow members about the person being appraised. This would help identify the problem areas and also give a better idea of the employee's situation. Q3) As mentioned earlier, Peter has not analyzed the situation clearly. He should have had prepared a full progress report on Samantha's work since she's been working with the company. Doing this would have given Peter a clearer picture about Samantha's situation and the reason for her low performance. Peter also should have given a heads-up to Samantha about her possible termination in order to prepare her for her firing. The meeting could have been held in a different manner like a personal meeting rather than just being a performance appraisal to give it a more caring look for Samantha. Not setting up a warning for Samantha, Peter has now got himself in a tangle. He wants to fire Samantha but is held back by her tears. The situation calls for a postponement for the immediate termination. Samantha should be given a time of 2 months to perform better than the standard in order to regain losses Peter had to incur because of her inefficiency. During this period Samantha must perform better or she will be fired from her current job at the company. Giving a grace period to Samantha will enable her to perform better to save her much needed job and it would also act as a warning and preparatory lesson. Case Study 12.2 Q1) Employee evaluation is an assessment of employees based on their personal characteristics and their performance at work. This evaluation needs to be friendly in order for the employees to feel at ease. Chan made quite a few mistakes in his employee evaluation. First of all Chan is too haughty

Arab - Islamic Culture and Civilization Research Paper

Arab - Islamic Culture and Civilization - Research Paper Example The west side viewers have disguised the term Sufism, by denoting it as â€Å"Islamic esotericism† or â€Å"Islamic mysticism.† This kind of terminologies is imprecise and often provides a negative impression of the term. It also discourages people who consider the Sufism as something quite suitable in accordance with the predetermined criteria. 5 The literal meaning of the word Sufi is the â€Å"one who attires wool (in Arabic wool is termed as á ¹ £Ã… «f).† (Voll & Ohtsuka, 2014). This word was used for the Muslims on the basis of their attire, which was woolen, as they liked to wear the woolen dresses especially in the 18th century. With the passage of time, It became the signature style of a group, which was used to wear it to represent themselves as different from others on the basis of Quranic and Sunna traditions and practices. After this, it was the time of 19th century, when the people belonged to this group designated this practice as â€Å"Tasawwuf†, whose literal meanings were â€Å"being a Sufi† or it is also called as Sufism. It was their own designated word to make them differentiated from others. And nowadays it is famous as the Sufism (Ernst, 1997; Hourani, 1991). 5 Sufism is regarded as the mystical side of Islam due to a number of reasons. Generally, Sufis are such people who try to purify themselves, not externally but internally. They emphasized over the meditation in spite of the deeds, divine development rather than the legalism, the refinement of their soul or inner side instead of the societal relations (Voll & Ohtsuka, 2014). The Sufis have strong beliefs with regard to the compatibility of the Sufism with Quran and Sunna, as they argued that the Quran and Sunna has some undisclosed, obscure, connotation and representations. Rather than using the literal way of â€Å"interpretation of Quranic Verses and Hadiths, they employed the metaphorical way, which tries to find some

The Crucible Assignment Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Assignment Essay Give an account of the moments of extreme tension at the end of Act 3 and their impact on the audience. You must explain in detail the parts played by: Mary Warren, Abigail Williams, Danforth, Hale and particularly John and Elizabeth Proctor.  In this part of the play Mary Warren has been brought to the court by John Procter to testify that the she and the other girls have been pretending that people in Salem have been sending out their spirits to hurt the girls and that all the fainting and cold winds harming them were produced of their own accord. Mary however will be feeling very confused, upset and probably quite vulnerable as she cant benefit from testifying or from continuing the lies. On the one side she has promised John Proctor that she will tell the court the truth to help Proctor free his wife from prison and possibly free the other people from the death penalty of denying witchcraft. On the other side however Mary is afraid of Abigails wrath for telling on her. Earlier on in the play Abigail threatened I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it. She had threatened this to scare any of them telling the courts that they had danced in the woods. Mary also knows that Abigail is very clever and quick even though she has only witnessed a part of Abigails malice when the girls were threatened. Mary seems weak even before she is questioned as she sobs when Mr Danforth speaks to Mr Francis. Danforth comments that she is not hearty and Proctor agrees and bending down to Mary he tells her to remember about what God said to an angel about telling the truth so as to strengthen her spirits and feel that she is back on the right side of God for telling the truth. By coming down to her level as he says this he seems to give her the comfort almost of a father to a daughter. However as soon as Mr Danforth begins to question her she begins to break down. By her second answer her voice has already weakened. As the questioning continues she deteriorates until she is barely audible. She does pick herself up though when she is asked if she is a liar she replies No, sir I am with God now. This makes Danforth angry as it means that he has a battle to determine if all the girls are lying or if Mary alone is lying. Which ever way Mary chooses she is told by Danforth that she will face a perjury charge and go to jail because as he sees it she was either lying in the first place about anybody sending their spirit out to hurt her and therefore there may be no witches in Salem at all and the court may have hanged innocent people, for which all the girls will be committed of perjury and punished or he thinks that maybe she can still see spirits attacking her but chooses to say that she doesnt in the hope that Elizabeth Proctors charge of witchcraft will be dropped and she will be freed. In this case only Mary will be committed of perjury and sentenced. When Mary is told this she simply cries that she is with God repeatedly and then sobs. At this point the other girls accusing people of witchcraft enter the courtroom. There will have been tension in the audience as Danforth has been questioning Mary and they may have felt that Danforth was beginning to believe Mary but as the girls enter the room the audience will immediately sense an increase in tension because included in the group of girls is Abigail, the ringleader and the audience will sense the coming of almost a battle between the two girls each trying to earn the trust and belief from Danforth. Danforth turns from Mary and asks the other girls if any of them will admit that they have been lying about seeing spirits. He asks Abigail Williams to answer for all the girls and she predictably says that they have not been lying. Danforth then sees that he is now going to have to do some hard questioning and gives both the girls a chance to change their positions, claiming to be telling the truth, but both refuse. So Danforth proceeds to question Abigail. Abigail simply denies the implications of Danforths questions or throws them aside as lies. He is obviously the one with the most power as far as law and rules are concerned but it seems that Abigail has more power over him from the way she speaks to him, she almost commands respect from him. I think this is shown especially when she speaks the line: [with a slight note of indignation] It is a lie sir To which Danforth pauses before speaking which seems to show a surprised reaction and I think he does respect her because it has to be remembered that Abigail is only 11 at this time and for any 11 year old to speak with such tones and maturity would be something unusual and interesting to Danforth I think and immediately gain his respect. To make a powerful comparison would be to compare 18yr old Mary Warren to 11yr old Abigail. Abigail is by far Marys junior but is so clever that she can make Mary fear her. Mary doesnt have any of Abigails boldness either which also gives her a disadvantage. Abigail combines her age, beauty and brains to make herself a very fearsome opponent. It becomes obvious that she has Hathorne and Parris on her side and they try to influence Danforth to believe Abigail. Whereas trying to tell the truth there is only Mary, Proctor, Cheever and, the only man of law on their side, Mr Hale.

internal communication system

internal communication system Does a successful internal communication system result in a motivated Workforce? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Internal communications: It is a generic expression for all communication (formal and informal) that an organization undertakes with its close stockholders — i.e. those people with whom it has a relationship that requires support, principally direct/indirect employees and members. The main purpose of formal internal communications is to inform employees or members of the direction and performance of the organization (and team) to which they belong. The profession of internal communications builds on fundamental principles of other disciplines like human resources (HR), marketing, project management and media planning. As a result it often gets adopted in organizations under different labels: employee communications, employee engagement, internal marketing, company communications, staff communication, etc. Responsibility can also reside within different functions: marketing, corporate communications, transformation, HR, CEO office, etc. In common with other communication professions, there are different areas of specialism within internal communications: channel management, speech-writing, change communications, HR communications, project communications, event management, social media, intranets, etc 1.2 Motivation work force: A motivated workforce is one which individuals and teams generally strive hard and successfully to achieve the goals set t them. They perform at a high level and make significant effort to help you to achieve your business strategy. A committed work force is one in which individuals identify with the purpose, goals and values of the organization, wish to remain with it and are prepared to put themselves out on its behalf. Motivation is about staff focusing their effort on achieving specific targets. That is, what staffs do? It also is about getting your staff to behave in the right way. That is, how they do things. Key indicators include: †¢ Communication †¢ Management leadership †¢ Performance Management and Recognition †¢ Work Management You can motivate people with: †¢ varied and interesting work perhaps giving the opportunity to travel †¢ high-quality training and development e.g. encouragement to study for professional qualifications †¢ an open door culture in which managers are approachable †¢ respect for a good work-life balance e.g. offering the opportunity for flexible working †¢ fairness at work, including promoting equality and diversity †¢ proactive and regular communication †¢ regular appraisal and positive feedback restating business objectives and recognizing your staffs contribution †¢ requests for feedback, either in person or via staff surveys, on how employees feel about their roles, the support they get, and improvements to the business †¢ the chance to socialize with colleagues at organized events †¢ recognition and reward for ideas or competitive intelligence Commitment is concerned with the loyalty of staff t to the organization and feeling good about it can be increased through creating and maintaining a positive working experience. Key indicators include: †¢ Job Satisfaction †¢ Employee involvement †¢ Training and development †¢ Working environment †¢ Co-operation †¢ Working relationship To be effective employee opinion surveys should be conducted on a regular basis. This could be six-monthly or annually. They do involve extra effort on behalf of the staff in term of taking time to complete the survey. 2.0 Research As little as a few decades ago, managers believed that the behind the scenes dealings of their companies were of no concern to employees. Thus, information that may have motivated employees or inspired their job interest was not available to them as they were merely considered another cog in the organizational wheel. Since that time, management science has formed a basis for analyzing management style and its influence on communication and motivation. Most organizations, be they public or private understand the importance of strategic communication with customers and stakeholders. Hence we have marketing and communication specialists to produce communication plans for external use. In the private sector that means more income; in the public sector it means better public relations, and better use of government services through client information. Many organizations also understand the importance of developing strategic plans to guide longer term decision-making. The thinking is that without knowing where we want to be (and how we are going to get there), we cant coordinate organizational resources so that we get to where we want to go. Frequently, communication methodologies for communicating with customers and the public are included in strategic planning. However, few organizations address internal communication in the same way. Determining what should be communicated to staff, when it should be communicated, and how it should be communicated is often left up to the decisions of individuals made when there seems to be a need. In other words internal communication strategies are developed, reactively, when there is a crisis or major event that clearly requires addressing communication issues. Where communication is planned out, it is often around upheavals like major corporate or organization change, layoffs and downsizing, and technological change. However, once the initiating focus has been eliminated communication tends to go back to an unorganized incoherent process. 2.1 Principle of Internal Communication Some basic principles to keep in mind when creating your strategic internal communication plan are: ï‚ § Develop a long-term focus ï‚ § Identify clear values for your organization ï‚ § Define the specific goals for your internal communication strategy ï‚ § Use comprehensive, pervasive methods ï‚ § Be consistent in your messages 2.1.1 Openness: All information should be communicated in an open and honest fashion. While the positive aspects of any news or decision should always be clearly communicated. Message senders should not be afraid to admit that they have changed their mind or have been mistaken. As a result, senders should be prepared to receive contradictory or critical views and should be ready to engage in debate with staff. In the light of freedom of information Act, all information should be open to access by any members of staff. 2.1.2 Relevance: Information should be clearly relevant to the audience they are delivered to. Each message should answer the question that many staff has what in it for me? The needs of the audience should be put in all communications activity and information should be tailored to ensure that it is relevant to different audiences. If the recipient is expected to act on the information they have received this should be made clear to them. 2.1.3 Simplicity: Simple, Straightforward language should be used in all written and verbal communication. The use of jargon and management speak should be avoid. Messages should be carefully thought out and constructed so that the point of clear. Any actions you expect staff to take as a result should be clear. Messages should not be overly long or complicated and all communication should be consistently of a high quality. 2.1.4 Clarity: All communication should be clear in its aims. Message senders need to tell their audience in direct terms the status of the information they are communicating. Here just four examples. 2.1.4.1 A policy decision: A decision taken by one of the universitys three committees which applied to the whole university and must be considered by all staff. 2.1.4.2 A Mandatory Decision: either taken by the university, or imposed by an outside authority. 2.1.4.3 Consultation: Information which is in the discussion stage and is open to consultation by staff. If this is the case, the message sender needs to be clear as to where feedback can be sent. 2.1.4.4 Work in progress: Where is it necessary to keep staff updated about a major projector policy which is still in development. 2.1.5 Planned and timely: Information should be prioritized and planned so as to avoid information overload, duplication of messages or long periods of non-communication. Communication with staff should not be an afterthought or an add-on but should be at the heart of all planning within university. This will ensure that information is given to staff when they need it- not when decision makers happen to think about it, or in the worst case scenario, when staff learns of major decision via the regional or national media. To this end, all major committees or decision making groups should develop an explicit communications strategy which outlines how information will be fed to staff via existing channels of communication. 2.1.6 Two- way communication: A one way conversation is very boring wherever possible, communication should be two way. All communication should be ensure that there are as many opportunities for listening and asking questions as there are sending messages out. These opportunities should be opened for all staff. Where these opportunities are offered the message owner should ensure that good quality and rapid answers can be given to the questions and issued rose. In this way communication will be positively encouraged and staff will feel that they can influence the development of relevant strategies, policies and procedures at a university and local level. 3.0 The advantages of Internal Communication We know that some of the most successful companies and corporations create a workforce that understands the mission, goals, values and procedures of the organization. The intent of creating such cultures is not to dominate or control employees, but to aim them at a set of common goals on which they can act every day. This brings coherence to the workplace, and allows better coordinated action. By clearing up ambiguity in whats, hows, and whys, the common culture permits employees to act with empowerment. When we have staff that understands the basic values and purposes of an organization, we give them the opportunity to make decisions that fall within those parameters. That means, for example, that more decisions can be made at the line level, reducing micro-managing. When your organization is communicating effectively with its internal stakeholders, whether they are employees, management or volunteers, it develops a cohesive culture where everyone is focused on the same goals and ha s the same objectives. By working within a cohesive culture, your stakeholders can work more efficiently together and collaborate more effective. Clearly, if we are to create such a common culture, we need to harness all of our organizations communication resources to achieve the purpose. Before we talk about that, lets look at some other advantages to having a coherent, shared organizational culture. †¢ Permits employees to make more decisions online since they have the tools and knowledge needed to make the right decisions. †¢ Encourages a sense of identification, on the part of staff, with the goals, mission and procedures of the organization, which can result in a sense of making a difference. This can have direct impact on effort and efficiency. †¢ Has the potential for reducing day-to-day conflict. Much conflict is generated by conflicting ideas on what is important to the organization often an indicator that the people involved do not share a common vision or understanding. †¢ Helps staff feel a part of the organization. When we look at organizations that use their common culture as a strategic advantage, what we find is that they create that culture through the use of very strategic, coordinated communication strategies. They use multiple methods, consistently. Their training supports their cultural goals, as does their written communication (e.g. newsletters, billboards, slogans, etc). Their management communicates consistently with common messages in a number of forums (e.g. performance management, department or sub-organization meetings, award and recognition programs, etc). And perhaps most importantly, management behavior is consistent with the messages echoed via other communication methodologies. 4.0 Internal communication strategy There are two sides of strategy in internal communications. In the first instance there is organizations strategy — what it hopes to achieve and how it plans to go about achieving it. That strategy will be supported and, to some extent, delivered through effective internal communications. In this context internal communication can help on several different levels: †¢ Tell: simply informing people of the direction, non-negotiable †¢ Sell: anticipating some form of backlash, requiring some persuasion †¢ Consult: seeking specific areas of input to the decision-making process †¢ Involve: seeking varying degrees of involvement and co-creation Secondly, and more importantly, internal communications needs a strategy of its own. It should be positioned more than a simple plan of tactical interventions in support of business activities. The strategy should consider the following: †¢ Market: What does the organization know about its audiences needs? How should its audiences be segmented? †¢ Message: What is it the organizations message is trying to achieve? In what tone should it be conveyed? †¢ Media: Which channels work best for the different audience segments? How will it maximize reach and cut-through? Are there clear editorial guidelines for each? †¢ Measurement: Are there clearly defined success criteria? What are the leading and lagging measures? As well as informing all of the other three Ms, it should be used to demonstrate value and measures of performance (rate of return, message penetration, hit rates, quality of feedback, etc) The strategy will inform the best way to organize effective communications 5.0 Conclusion The development of a strategic internal communication strategy and its implementation can provide a number of benefits to organizations. To achieve those benefits we need a coordinated, comprehensive, long term communication approach. Effective communications require the active commitment and endorsement of senior managers. It is not enough simply to develop a vision statement or formulate in general terms the values by which the company lives. Behavior is what counts. Managers must be seen to behave in a manner that is consistent with the ethos they are promoting. Communication applied to development initiatives is still too often limited to activities aimed at informing the stockholders or the general public following the typical and dated top-down approach. Government counterparts and project managers are often not used or ready to democratize the decision making process, but are more interested in accelerating it. However, the budget, time and effort devoted to communication will almost certainly be worthwhile. Tele business relying on a mix of adequate telecommunications infrastructure, a quality workforce with reasonable wage levels and corresponding linguistic skills, such requisites are today available in other countries, particularly in the developing world. The workforce skills have to be permanently upgraded so as to satisfy the requirements of new applications. The internal communication techniques can inform and encourage policymakers to base their decisions on a clear understanding of beneficiaries perspectives from the beginning of a development initiative. Such communication not only needs to be carefully planned and implemented but must also be properly integrated with emergency management activities and operations therefore effective internal communication is therefore a key responsibility of public health professionals and information officers, especially during emergency. 6.0 References Effective media communication during public health emergencies (Google book) By Randall N. Hyer, Vincent T. Covello pg 4 published 2007 Information and communication technologies and rural development (Google book) By Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development pg 76 published July 2001 The role of communication in large infrastructure: the Bumbuna Hydroelectric (Google book) By Leonardo Mazzei, Gianmarco Scuppa, World Bank pg 39 published June 2006 Strategic Communication for Privatization, Public-Private Partnerships and Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects (Google book) By Daniele Calabrese World Bank published March 2008 pg 39 http://www.uneed2.com/assets/Summary_Guide_to_Employee_Opinion_Surveys.pdf dtd. 7/10/09 http://www.campus.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/internal-comms/ic-principles.pdf dtd. 10/10/09. http://performance-appraisals.org/Bacalsappraisalarticles/articles/comstrat.htm dtd 7/10/09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_communications#Internal_communication_strategy dtd 7/10/09 http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Communication-Organisation/165925 dated 14/10/09.