Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity Research Paper

Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD - Research Paper Example This stage of assessment is not common in general clinical practice. It requires assessment conducted by Health Professionals trained in Medicine, Psychology, Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuroscience or Nutritional and Environmental medicine. The assessment may include brain function evaluation through neuro-imaging, investigation of diet, nutrition and sensitivities to food. Tests may be conducted to determine the causes of metabolic dysfunctions, recurrent abdominal upsets and chronic ear, nose and throat infections which are probable causes of brain dysfunction and consequently abnormal behaviors and attention deficits (Brown, 2005, p. 21). Rating scales and check lists Rating scales and checklists assist clinicians to obtain information from teachers, parents and others about functioning and symptoms in different settings, which is important for a sufficient assessment for ADHD and monitoring its treatment. The symptoms must be manifested in more than one environment for instan ce in school and at home in order to meet DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing for the condition (Barkley, 2005, p.96). This is only one of many components of a comprehensive evaluation that should include interviews and medical examination. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the most commonly used scales are: the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the parent, Teacher Report Form (TRF), Barkley Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ), ADD-H: Comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS), Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales and the Barkley School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), says that ADHD-specific rating scales produce more accurate results when distinguishing between children whether a diagnosis of ADHD was initially conducted or not compared to global rating scales and nonspecific questionnaires that assess a variety of behavioral conditions (Barkley, 2005, p. 103).   Behavioral assessments N ot all inattentive, overly hyperactive, or impulsive persons have an attention deficit disorder. This is because most people will at times unintentionally blurt out things, randomly shift between tasks, or become forgetful and disorganized (Jensen & Cooper, 2002, p. 41). To assess for ADHD, several critical questions are put into consideration. Some of these questions include: are the behaviors long-term, excessive and pervasive? Do they happen more frequently than in other persons the same age? Is it a problem that is continuous or just a reaction to a situation that is temporary? Do the behaviors manifest in different settings or only in a specific place? The behavior pattern of the person is then compared against a set criteria and characteristics of the disorder (Brown, 2005, p.33). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV (DSM-IV) manual contains these characteristics and criteria. Disorders with symptoms similar to ADHD One of the difficulties of us ing a questionnaire in diagnosing ADHD is that the condition is often accompanied by other disorders. Quantitative EEG which is an examination of brain function can do a better job in differenting between the disorders that have a lot of behavioral overlaps. The following are several of such disorders. Learning Difficulties: Many ADHD children also have a learning disability (LD). This means

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example These wars are commonly known as Proxy wars. Each country tries to contain the expansion of the other. Russia targeted communism. Many historians believe that it had selfish motives planned, turning the supporting countries into military camps, funding the spread of communism in other continents and U.S. trying to cork the leak. In 1947 the U.S. president Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine which served as a platform to voice the very same notion of corking the leak. It was primarily announced to save Greek communists from being overcome by the Soviet Union. The doctrine however did not highlight the particular expansionist country, yet the core country was pretty much evident. It said that whoever tries to establish a stronghold over countries who do not wish to abide willingly will be tackled by the United States of America. The Soviet Union recognized this doctrine as a war cry. (Gaddis 1974). The Truman doctrine was in fact an open effort by the States to contain Communism within every nook of the world no matter how far reached it appeared to be. This laid open an invitation for cold war which proceeded as the States tried to handle various targets set forth by the post war Soviet Union circumstances. The announcement of this doctrine created many adversaries from within the country as well. Many were opposed to the fact of spending millions of dollars just for simple administration in various countries. They felt as if President Truman and the speech he delivered in front of the Congress in 1947 had obligated the country to kibosh communism in every other country. The feared the burden it would be laying on the economy and ultimately on the financial infrastructure. But Truman believed that this containment need not only be via military forces but through peaceful talks, negotiations and other economic means (Zajac, 2013). It felt as a need for the U.S. to provide

Research proposal nursing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Research Proposal Example For ischemia of soft tissue to come about, the pressure in the external part of the body must exceed the pressure in the capillaries so as to obstruct the flow of blood. The minimum pressure for which the capillaries would close is about 32mmHg. Despite the fact, that high pressure interface is a factor that is pertinent; the duration of time that is on promoting skin integrity would also play a significant part. In most cases, duration of monetary awards is by the period of time taken to promote skin integrity. A study that was done by Bain and Ferguson-Pell in 2002 explained that high pressure for a short length of time and low pressure for a longer length of time would lead to damage of the pressure. A number of studies advanced in this field have attempted to explain whether the duration of skin integrity could be a possible risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. Some studies like those for Guy 2004, Nasolpel 2004, Schoonhaven and Defloor 2002, Lewicki 2007, Morrison 2001 , Amonovitch 2006, Stevens 2004, and Schoonhaven 2002 studied the duration of skin integrity and concluded that it was not an exclusive factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs (Guy, 2004). Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007, involved 500 Participants in a study. The study assessed variables like duration of surgery and co morbidities. This author utilized an analysis tool which identified the likelihood of various variables, which may affect the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. ... 2004, Schoonhaven and Defloor 2002, Lewicki 2007, Morrison 2001, Amonovitch 2006, Stevens 2004, and Schoonhaven 2002 studied the duration of skin integrity and concluded that it was not an exclusive factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs (Guy, 2004). Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007, involved 500 Participants in a study. The study assessed variables like duration of surgery and co morbidities. This author utilized an analysis tool which identified the likelihood of various variables, which may affect the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. The Participants' mean age was forty seven years, with the age range of the Participants being 13- 86 years. The recorded duration of skin integrity promotion was lower by 228.7% of the subjects, 29.9% of the Participants, 26% of the sample. The author performed a postoperative assessment and the other performed a preoperative assessment. Of all the cases that were assessed the only predictor of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs was the skin inte grity promoter. The author concluded that skin integrity is with a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. However, other studies in this topic do not confirm the association of skin integrity and monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. For instance a study made by Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007on 100 Participants, where by a number of pressures ulcer risk factors were assessed. The average age of the participants was 50 years and the age range of the Participants was between 30- 80. After strict assessment of the Participants, the author did not discover any cases of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs action. The author, therefore, concluded that the skin integrity is not an exclusive risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development (Guy, 2004). Description of design Research Approach My study

Trade Liberalisation And Issues For Multinational Corporations Essay

Trade Liberalisation And Issues For Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Trade liberalisation, as the term indicates, is about liberalising or freeing the trade from national restrictions and boundaries. In the modern world spectrum, this term is mostly taken to reflect the system of global free trading, where international trade is allowed freely without any restrictions such as tariffs and trade bans. As Javier (2005, pS05) rightly delineate the term trade liberalisation as "the international trade of goods or services without tariffs or other trade barriers; the free movement of labour and capital between countries; and the absence of trade-distorting policies, such as taxes, subsidies, regulations, or laws, that give domestic firms or goods an advantage over foreign ones". It suggests that the trade liberalisation implies trading activities on a national or international scale, where goods can be imported or exported without restrictions or tariffs and quotas, people (skilled and unskilled) are allowed to move freely nationally or internationally, and removal of any laws on the part of the government that are likely to hinder the trade. Shah (2006) refers to trade liberalisation as a system making it convenient to trade within as well as outside the nation owing to the self-concern of individuals. The The increasing debate on the issue has arisen out of the efforts of International Financial Institutions and organisations to support the phenomenon of 'trade liberalisation'. These institutions such as